Explosion turbine



Arum-rua Z0 H. HOLZWARTH EXPLOSION TURBINE Filed 0G11. 2, 1926 llblllllll @I EN WITNESS Patented vMay 6,1930

UNITED STATES RATENT OFFICE p HANS HOLZWARTH, OE DUssELDORE, GERMANY,

EINE Oo., OE sAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, A coRrORA'r'ON OE DELAWARE ExrLOsIoN 'rURRINE f Appueaagn meaoctober 2, 1 9'26. serial No. 139,174.

in the vlcmlty of the spark plug or other igni-y tion device and between -the remaining inlets andthe outlet of the combustion chamber. According to my present invention, the fuel admitted through the inletwhich is in the neighborhood of the ignition device, is'sup-v plied imder a constant pressure or at a constant rate, while the fuel admitted through the other inlet or inlets is supplied in an amount regulated automatically by the engine itselfin accordance with the load thereon. In this manner I preserve a substantially uniform composition and a relatively rich fuel and air mixture in the neighborhood of the ignition device. so that ignition will take place readily under the varying conditions of load, while the number of thermic units contained in the mixture, and therefore the energy developed by the combustion thereof. will` be varied according to theload on the engine.,

A y Two satisfactory examples of an engine embodymg my present inventiomf are illustrated bv the acompanying drawings, in

which Fig. 1 is a sectional view through an explosion chamber of an explosion turbine constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig'. 2 isa similar view' of a modification; 'Fig 3 is a sectional view of the hydraulic apparatus ycontrolling the .inlet and outlet valves, and VFi 4 and 5 are sections along lines A--A an B.-B, respectively, of Fig. 3.

In Fig. 1, the explosion chamber or combustion chamber 1 is ofthe character found in combustion turbines ofthe Holzwarth type.

inthe drawing. it will be understood tbatthe complete engine comprises a plurality of su'ch chambers and that the parts shown and described with reference to one chamber are applied to each of such combustion chambers.

' or for `scavenging after thee While only one such chamber has been shown ASSIGNO T0 HOLZWARTE GAS TUR- Said chamber is providedwitli a main inlet 2 for the admission'of the fuel, which may be gas, gasoline orother suitable medium, leading to a compartment 3 the connection of vwhich with a distributing chamber -l iscontrolled by a, valve 5 suitably operated by the moving parts of the engine as hereinafter described so jas to open said valve-more or les `according to the load on the engine.

Fromvthe distributing chamber l, conduits o 'lead to uthe combustion chamber l preferably at'ditferent points of its len h` as indicated. In addition thereto, the com ustion chamber 1 is provided with an auxiliary fuel inlet arranged to discharge fuel in the vicinity of the spark plug or other ignition device '8. i

Through this auxiliary inlet 7 ,fuel is ys'upplied at a constantrate orunder constant pressure, thereby'ensuring a mixture of substantially uniform richnem in the neighborhood of the ignition device and thus assuring that the explosion or combustion will take place easily irrespective of the variations 1n the richness of the main body ofthe mixture `brought about by the alteration in the posi- From the combustion y tion of the valve 5. chamber 1 the`hotI gasespass out through an outlet 9 controlled by al valve 10 which is operatedat the proper time by suitable mechani'sm to be hereinafter described in 'detail in connection with the control of the inlet valves; and. connected with the movingparts ofthe engme; When such outlet valve is open, the gases ,pass into a nozzle chamber 11 having nozzles 12 'which discharge this hot gases under high pressure against'they blades 13 of a turbinerotor 14 mounted on the shaft 15. lIVhile-I have not indicated Y any of the parts for the introduction of the air to support combustion in the chamber 1 losion, .it will bef understood that any wellownor approved arrangement inay be adopted for this purpose. s v,

One feature of the present invention is the fact that the fuel admitted through the auxiliary inlet 7 is supplied at a constant rate or under a constant pressure'. while the amount of fuel supplied through the inlet 2, and particularly through' the conduits 6, varies acbeing con- .l

trolled vby the valve 5. Another' feature of f the invention is the location of the ignition deviceand the auxiliary such constant supply of inlet 7 through .which cinity of the ignition device, between theV -main fuel supply ports andthe outlet of the combustion chamber.

In'Fig. 2 I have illustrated a slightly differentconstruction in which the main fuel inlet 2 leads directlymithout any valve arrangement, into a distributing chamber 4J and in which the conduits 6 are provided with individual valves llfcontrolled in the same manner as the valve 5 of Fig. '1. The auxiliary fuel inlet 7, however, is ofthe same character as` in Fig. 1 and supplies the fuel at a constant rate or under constant pressure, with the same advantages. as explained above. i f

The various fuel inlets, as well as the outlet 9, and their respective valve .mechanisms are preferably, controlled hydraulically; For this purpose, .the valve 5 is connected by means of conduit 18 and the valve 17, controlling the fuel inlet 7, by conduit 19 to a lsiiyl'draulic con! o f such chambers'- being trolling apparatus separately own in Fig.

-The controlln apparatus' consists of `a hollow cylindrica housing 20 in which oper-v ates a hollow rotary slide valve 31'driven by a shaft 30.v The interior of the hollow slide valve is connected Jby conduit 21 tov an oil pressure accumulator so that it is constantly under a uniform o il pressure.

'The rotary ivalve includes a Acylindrical body of smaller diameter than the internal diameter of the housing.. The space between housing is divided into vertically s aced chambers 22, 23, 23 by horizontal disc-like projections and by the i vertical fins 24, 25, 26, 27, 26 and 27, each in communication; 4rotating body, as

The intermediate with the interior of the shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

- space outside of these chambers is connected to an oil drain through the openings 32. During the revolutionof the lcylinder these chambers periodicall come into alignment with openings in the housing which are con-` nected with the conduits V18, 19, 19. Soioften x and so long as these conduits 18, 19 and 19are i connected in thisway with'the interior of the rotary slide valve they receive oil under pressure from the oil accumulatorand in consequence thecorresponding valves 5, 17, and 10, to Awhi'chsuch conduits lead, lare opened.-

`After the chambers 22, 23 and 23l have passed by the openings and are again connected with While the chambers v23 the oil drain the valves are drawn back upon the seats by means of a spring or other means. and 23 which act upon conduits '19 and 19 and thereby open the valves v17 and 10 are rectangular, the chamber whichis connected through con- 'momen rotating slide valve is connected with the i fuel is fed to the vi- 'governor` 29 by means of a lever 33 engaging an annular groove in the casing 30. Uponv increase in speed of the machine 'beyond the normal, the governorJpressesthe slide valve down by vmeans -of the casing 30. In this way, the opening of the conduit 18 is connected with the narrower part ofthe chamber 22 whereby the open period of the valve is correspondingly reduced and the feed of thecombustible material through valve 5 de-` creased.

The shaft 34 of the hydraulic controlling apparatus is driven preferably in'such a manner that the speed Vof its rotation is mainj tained as uniform as possible, for exam lein the manner shown-in my earlier United tates operative to govern the opening of such valve in responseto the speedofthe turbine may be employed and the valve controlling mech-l anism shown in Fig; example asuitable this mechanism,

3 shows merely by way of I type of valveV controller; however,- forms no part of the present invention and no claim is made thereto.

Calculations have s own that the elliciency of the machine is` altered but slightly when the character of the fuel, as to the number of heat units 'contained therein, isaltered within i relativelywide limits, say from. 500 thermal units down to 300. yTherefore the mode of regulation described'herein has the special advanta' e of not affecting materially `the eciency o In 'this new all of the co in' operation all the time, tice employed hitherto, to `the expedient of temporarilythrowing some of the combustion chambers out of ac-y tion when the machin K areduced load.

Various changes in the specific forms shown and described'may be made within the sco ofthe from the spirit of my invention.

claim:` v

`1 In a combustion whereas in the pracof air and fuelfor ex losion therein and ro- 1 lets, one of which is located in the neighborplurality of intermittentlyV operable fuel inwas operating under Y claims without departing' 10s i the turbine or machine -as awhole,"` sstem of regulation therefore,

m ustion chambers may kept resort was often had gas turbine, an ex- `plos1on chamber adapted to receive charges' hood'of said ignition device,` and regulating means, controlled by the operation of the tur' bine;J

other inlets, while the supply of foi-varying the supply of fuel'to the fuel through no the inlet in the neighborhood of the ignition device is constant, the ignition device and its associated source of constant fuel supply bex ing located between said other ,fuel inlets andl the outlet of the explosion chamber.

2. In a combustion gas turbine, an eX- plosion chamber adapted to receive charges of air and fuel for explosion thereinand provided with an ignition device and with a plu'.

10Kralit-y of intermittentl operable fuel inlets one of which is located 1n the neighborhood of said ignition device, and a valve, controlled by theoperation of the turbine, for varying the supply of fuel to the remaining inlet orsA inlets, While the supply of fuel through the inlet in the -neighborhood ofi-the ignition device is constant, the ignition device and its associated source of constant fuel supply being located between said other fuel inlets and l20 the outlet of the explosion chamber.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. v

H AN HOLZWARTH. 

